Python:操作PostgreSQL数

发布时间:2019-08-26 07:17:47编辑:auto阅读(1930)

      昨天使用python写了操作嵌入式数据库SQLite的方法,今天用python写了针对个人比较熟悉的开源数据库PostgreSQL的常用操作,开发过程简介如下:

    一、环境信息: 

       1、操作系统:

            RedHat Enterprise Linux 4

            Windows XP SP2

      2、数据库:

            PostgreSQL8.3

      3、 开发工具:

            Eclipse+Pydev+python2.6+PyGreSQL(提供pg模块)

      4、说明:

            a、PostgreSQL数据库运行于RedHat Linux上,Windows下也要安装pgAdmin(访问PostgreSQL服务器的客户端)。

            b、PyGreSQL(即pg)模块下载路径及API手册:http://www.pygresql.org/

    二、配置:

           1、将pgAdmin安装路径下以下子目录添加到系统环境变量中:

                 E:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\8.3\lib

                 E:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\8.3\bin

           2、将python安装目录C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\pywin32_system32下的dll文件拷贝到C:\WINDOWS\system32

           3、说明:

                  a. 如果跳过以上两步,在import pg时将会报错,浪费较长时间才搞定。

                  b. 如果对PostgreSQL安装和配置不熟悉,请参考本博客中以下几篇文章:

                      《RedHat Linux上安装PostgreSQL》

                      《PostgreSQL服务端监听设置及客户端连接方法》

                      《PostgreSQL数据库创建、删除方法》

                       更多PostgreSQL相关知识请访问从我的博客专栏:PostgreSQL系列

    三、程序实现:

    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    #导入日志及pg模块
    import logging
    import logging.config
    import pg
    
    #日志配置文件名
    LOG_FILENAME = 'logging.conf'
    
    #日志语句提示信息
    LOG_CONTENT_NAME = 'pg_log'
    
    def log_init(log_config_filename, logname):
        '''
        Function:日志模块初始化函数
        Input:log_config_filename:日志配置文件名
               lognmae:每条日志前的提示语句
        Output: logger
        author: socrates
        date:2012-02-12
        '''
        logging.config.fileConfig(log_config_filename)
        logger = logging.getLogger(logname)
        return logger
    
    def operate_postgre_tbl_product():
        '''
        Function:操作pg数据库函数
        Input:NONE
        Output: NONE
        author: socrates
        date:2012-02-12
        '''  
        pgdb_logger.debug("operate_postgre_tbl_product enter...") 
        
        #连接数据库  
        try:
            pgdb_conn = pg.connect(dbname = 'kevin_test', host = '192.168.230.128', user = 'dyx1024', passwd = '888888')
        except Exception, e:
             print e.args[0]
             pgdb_logger.error("conntect postgre database failed, ret = %s" % e.args[0])    
             return    
         
        pgdb_logger.info("conntect postgre database(kevin_test) succ.") 
            
        #删除表
        sql_desc = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tbl_product3;"
        try:
            pgdb_conn.query(sql_desc)
        except Exception, e:
            print 'drop table failed'
            pgdb_logger.error("drop table failed, ret = %s" % e.args[0])
            pgdb_conn.close()  
            return
        
        pgdb_logger.info("drop table(tbl_product3) succ.") 
      
        #创建表
        sql_desc = '''CREATE TABLE tbl_product3(
            i_index INTEGER,
            sv_productname VARCHAR(32)
            );'''
        try:    
            pgdb_conn.query(sql_desc)
        except Exception, e:
            print 'create table failed'
            pgdb_logger.error("create table failed, ret = %s" % e.args[0])
            pgdb_conn.close()  
            return        
       
        pgdb_logger.info("create table(tbl_product3) succ.") 
          
        #插入记录   
        sql_desc = "INSERT INTO tbl_product3(sv_productname) values('apple')"
        try:
            pgdb_conn.query(sql_desc)
        except Exception, e:
            print 'insert record into table failed'
            pgdb_logger.error("insert record into table failed, ret = %s" % e.args[0])
            pgdb_conn.close()  
            return    
         
        pgdb_logger.info("insert record into table(tbl_product3) succ.")     
         
        #查询表 1       
        sql_desc = "select * from tbl_product3"
        for row in pgdb_conn.query(sql_desc).dictresult():
            print row
            pgdb_logger.info("%s", row) 
     
        #查询表2        
        sql_desc = "select * from tbl_test_port"
        for row in pgdb_conn.query(sql_desc).dictresult():
            print row 
            pgdb_logger.info("%s", row)        
         
        #关闭数据库连接     
        pgdb_conn.close()       
        pgdb_logger.debug("operate_sqlite3_tbl_product leaving...") 
    
    if __name__ == '__main__': 
        
        #初始化日志系统
        pgdb_logger = log_init(LOG_FILENAME, LOG_CONTENT_NAME)   
        
        #操作数据库
        operate_postgre_tbl_product()
        
    

    四、测试:

     1、运行后命令行打印结果:

    {'sv_productname': 'apple', 'i_index': None}
    {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 2, 'i_index': 1}
    {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 3, 'i_index': 2}
    {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 5, 'i_index': 3}
    {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 0, 'i_index': 5}
    {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 18, 'i_index': 7}
    {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 8, 'i_index': 8}
    {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 7, 'i_index': 9}
    {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 21, 'i_index': 10}
    {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 23, 'i_index': 11}
    {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 29, 'i_index': 12}
    {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 3000, 'i_index': 4}
    {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 1999, 'i_index': 6}
     2、日志文件内容:

    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,536  pg_log]DEBUG:  operate_postgre_tbl_product enter... (test_func.py:36)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,772  pg_log]INFO:  conntect postgre database(kevin_test) succ. (test_func.py:46)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,786  pg_log]INFO:  drop table(tbl_product3) succ. (test_func.py:58)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,802  pg_log]INFO:  create table(tbl_product3) succ. (test_func.py:73)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,802  pg_log]INFO:  insert record into table(tbl_product3) succ. (test_func.py:85)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,802  pg_log]INFO:  {'sv_productname': 'apple', 'i_index': None} (test_func.py:91)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,802  pg_log]INFO:  {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 2, 'i_index': 1} (test_func.py:97)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,802  pg_log]INFO:  {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 3, 'i_index': 2} (test_func.py:97)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,802  pg_log]INFO:  {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 5, 'i_index': 3} (test_func.py:97)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,802  pg_log]INFO:  {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 0, 'i_index': 5} (test_func.py:97)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819  pg_log]INFO:  {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 18, 'i_index': 7} (test_func.py:97)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819  pg_log]INFO:  {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 8, 'i_index': 8} (test_func.py:97)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819  pg_log]INFO:  {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 7, 'i_index': 9} (test_func.py:97)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819  pg_log]INFO:  {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 21, 'i_index': 10} (test_func.py:97)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819  pg_log]INFO:  {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 23, 'i_index': 11} (test_func.py:97)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819  pg_log]INFO:  {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 29, 'i_index': 12} (test_func.py:97)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819  pg_log]INFO:  {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 3000, 'i_index': 4} (test_func.py:97)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819  pg_log]INFO:  {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 1999, 'i_index': 6} (test_func.py:97)
    [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819  pg_log]DEBUG:  operate_sqlite3_tbl_product leaving... (test_func.py:101)
    

    3、psql查看结果:

    [root@kevin ~]# su - postgres
    [postgres@kevin ~]$ psql -U dyx1024 -d kevin_test
    psql (8.4.2)
    Type "help" for help.
    
    kevin_test=# \dt
                    List of relations
     Schema |     Name      | Type  |     Owner      
    --------+---------------+-------+----------------
     public | tbl_product3  | table | dyx1024
     public | tbl_test_port | table | pg_test_user_3
    (2 rows)
    
    kevin_test=# select * from tbl_product3;
     i_index | sv_productname 
    ---------+----------------
             | apple
    (1 row)
    
    kevin_test=# select * from tbl_test_port;
     i_index | i_port | i_status 
    ---------+--------+----------
           1 |      2 |        1
           2 |      3 |        1
           3 |      5 |        1
           5 |      0 |        1
           7 |     18 |        1
           8 |      8 |        1
           9 |      7 |        1
          10 |     21 |        1
          11 |     23 |        1
          12 |     29 |        1
           4 |   3000 |        1
           6 |   1999 |        1
    (12 rows)
    
    kevin_test=# \q
    [postgres@kevin ~]$ 



      

            

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